Image 16. Ephelia’s ‘Eugenia’ and Queen Henrietta Maria

Presenting William Marshall’s profusely iconographic title-page for Eugenia’s Teares for great Brittaynes Distractions. Or Some slender Observations reflecting on those Sad Tymes. Written by E.R. [Edward Reynolds, 1599-1676]. London: Wm Sheares, 1642; 8vo; Wing 1247. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. Shelfmark 4106.aa74. With kind permission, 13th February 2004 (Sandra Powlette, Permissions Manager, British Library). Image, Early English Books Online, with permission (January, 2008; Jo-Anne Hogan, Product Manager, EEBO/ProQuest, Chadwyck-Healey). Edward Reynolds was Bishop of Norwich and a Royal chaplain; see Ian Atherton, Oxford DNB (2004). The visual imagery of Marshall’s engraved title-page explicitly associates England with a distressed Eugenia (Image 1), thus linking the name Eugenia (“high-born”, “noble-born”) with England’s troubled queen at this time: Henrietta Maria, the obvious candidate for the “excellent”, “commanding”, and “honoured” ‘Eugenia’ in three verse-epistles in Female Poems…by Ephelia (London: Wm Downing for James Courtney, 1679, 1682). The bare-breasted depiction of the Queen accords with Classical images of female lamentation (cf. Mengin’s famous image of a distraught Sappho) and also with the history of St Eugenia, an early Christian martyr. Charles I, crowned and seated, with orb and sceptre, is presented as Image 2 on this title-page. See Margery Corbett & Michael Norton, Engraving in England in the Sixteenth & Seventeenth Centuries (1964), No. 226, p 179.